Bioprospecting involves the exploration of biodiversity for novel bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical potential. This book deals with the strategies and methodologies used in bioprospecting, including the identification of promising ecosystems, sample collection, and bioassay-guided screening. It explores the challenges of sustainable bioprospecting, intellectual property rights, and the ethical implications of exploiting natural resources. The book also discusses the integration of bioprospecting data with modern drug discovery pipelines, including high-throughput screening and cheminformatics. Aimed at biotechnologists, pharmacologists, and natural product chemists, the book provides comprehensive insights into the process of discovering new pharmaceuticals from nature’s vast biodiversity.