A variety of physical agents are used in physiotherapy to reduce pain, enhance healing, and restore function. This book introduces the major therapeutic modalities, including heat, cold, ultrasound, traction, and hydrotherapy. Each modality is explained with indications, contraindications, and treatment techniques. The guide simplifies technical details for practical understanding. It serves as a handy reference for physiotherapy students and clinicians aiming for safe and effective use of modalities.
Dwayne Carter is an experienced physiotherapy educator and department chair with a specialization in physical agents and therapeutic interventions. Over the past 18 years, he has contributed to developing lab-based curricula and hands-on training modules in various university programs. He has conducted applied research on cryotherapy, ultrasound, and laser therapy in clinical settings. His academic writing often bridges theoretical foundations with treatment rationale. Dwayne is also active in organizing regional workshops and skill enhancement camps for physiotherapists. His teaching philosophy emphasizes clinical reasoning and evidence-informed care.