Visual function depends not only on the optical system but also on how light is processed and interpreted by the eye. This book covers the principles of visual optics and the fundamentals of refraction, including vergence, accommodation, astigmatism, and corrective lens design. Mathematical models and ray-tracing diagrams are used to illustrate optical phenomena relevant to clinical practice. It also addresses practical aspects of prescribing glasses and contact lenses, along with retinoscopy and subjective refraction techniques. Suitable for optometry and ophthalmology learners, the text bridges physics and clinical application for effective vision correction.
Annika Lindström is a vision scientist and optics instructor with a specialization in refraction and visual optics. Based in Scandinavia, she explores the interface between physiological optics and corrective lens design. Annika's work includes teaching lens power calculation, aberration analysis, and accommodative mechanisms to optometry students. She has published on dynamic refraction and myopia control techniques. Her teaching bridges rigorous scientific understanding with clinical refraction practices for accurate vision correction.