Cellular injury is the first step in the pathogenesis of many diseases, reflecting how cells respond to stress, toxins, or genetic damage. This book discusses the types, causes, and outcomes of cell injury, such as necrosis, apoptosis, and autophagy. It describes morphological and molecular features of injured cells, linking them to pathophysiological consequences. The role of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and membrane damage is analyzed in depth. Readers are introduced to patterns of disease that result from persistent injury, including adaptation, degeneration, and inflammation. Visual aids, electron micrographs, and flowcharts enhance understanding. The text also connects these fundamental processes to organ-specific disorders.
Musa Zondo is an internationally recognized pathologist with a focus on cellular pathology and early disease mechanisms. He has led multiple studies exploring necrosis, apoptosis, and intracellular adaptation under stress. With a prolific output of research papers, he also serves on editorial boards for several pathology journals. His teaching style merges molecular insight with morphological observation. He remains particularly engaged in training pathology residents in microscopic diagnostics and systemic response evaluation.